|
|||||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|||||||
First aid in snake-bite
Effective first aid should always be given to snake-bite victims. It will prevent or minimise the spread of venom that may have been introduced into the tissue, and prevent or minimise complications resulting from the bite. Incorrect first aid may cause harm.
The following simple,practical, effective and safe measures are recommended:
1. The commonest reaction following snake-bite is faer- the victim thinks of death. Reassurance is vital and should be done in a positive and authoritative manner and continued for as long as necessary. The following points should be emphasised.
Most snakes are not venomous. Evev if a biting snake is venomous, it may not inject venom. The presence of fang marks alone does not mean that venom has entered the body. if envenoming has taken place, effctive treatmeant is available in hospitals and full recovery is likely.
2. The snake bite victim, and especially the bitten limb, must be kept still because,
| (a)
Movement of the bitten part and of the victim hastens absorption of
venom which may have been introduced into the body by the bite. Therefore
keep the victim still. it is better to carry him than to let him walk.
|
| (b) In addition to retarding absorption of venom, immobiilisation also reduces pain. The bitten limb could be immobilised by splinting it with a piece of wood. |
3. To remove venom which may lie on the surface of the skin, the bitten area should be wasehed gently with soap and water, or wiped with a wet cloth.
4. Swelling of the bitten limb is a common feature after venomous snake-bite. Prevent complications by removeing, as early as possible, rings, bangles, anklets, cords or clothing which could cause constriction if swelling were to occur.
5. Tow tablets of paracetamol may be given for the relief of pain.
6. Take the victim to hospital as early as possible. It is advisable to take the offending snake, alive or dead, along with the patient, to hospital. This will enable the snake to be identified by the doctor. Management of the bite will be influenced by its identity. Live snakes should be handled carefully.